Track and Document Known Vulnerabilities

A.

The correct answer to the question is A. CVE.

CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) is a publicly available list of known vulnerabilities and exposures that could potentially impact security of a system or network. CVE is a database of standardized names for security vulnerabilities and exposures. The CVE system enables organizations to track and document security vulnerabilities in a consistent manner, making it easier to share and compare data between different organizations and tools.

CVEs are assigned unique identification numbers, called CVE IDs, and are maintained by the MITRE Corporation, a nonprofit organization that works in the public interest to advance technology and research. CVE IDs provide a standardized way to reference vulnerabilities across different tools, systems, and organizations.

Penetration testing is a type of security testing where a team of security experts attempts to exploit vulnerabilities in a system or network to identify potential security risks. It is not used to track and document known vulnerabilities.

Zero-day vulnerabilities are vulnerabilities that are unknown to the public and the vendor, which makes them more dangerous as they can be exploited by attackers without any available patch or solution. They are not used to track and document known vulnerabilities.

SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) is a security tool that collects and analyzes security events and alerts generated by network devices and applications to detect security threats. While SIEMs can be used to track and document security events, they are not specifically designed to track and document known vulnerabilities.

Least privilege is a security principle that restricts user and system access rights to only what is necessary to perform their tasks. While it is an important security principle, it is not used to track and document known vulnerabilities.