Ciphertext Analysis

C.

The correct answer is D. Homomorphic encryption.

Homomorphic encryption allows computation and analysis of data within a ciphertext without knowledge of the plaintext. In other words, it enables computation on encrypted data, resulting in an encrypted output that, when decrypted, is the same as if the computation was performed on the plaintext.

This is particularly useful in scenarios where data privacy is a concern, such as in cloud computing, where data is processed remotely. Instead of having to decrypt the data to perform computations on it, which would expose it to potential security threats, homomorphic encryption allows for computation on the encrypted data, keeping it secure.

Lattice-based cryptography is a type of public-key cryptography that is resistant to quantum computing attacks. It is used to secure data by encrypting it in such a way that only the intended recipient can decipher it.

Quantum computing is a type of computing that uses quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations. It has the potential to break some of the commonly used encryption algorithms, which rely on mathematical problems that are difficult to solve.

Asymmetric cryptography, also known as public-key cryptography, uses a pair of keys, one public and one private, to encrypt and decrypt data. It is widely used to secure communications and transactions on the internet.

In summary, homomorphic encryption allows computation on encrypted data, whereas the other options listed do not provide this capability.