Which of the following would be considered multifactor authentication?
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A. B. C. D.C.
Multifactor authentication (MFA) is a security mechanism that requires users to provide two or more pieces of evidence to authenticate their identity. These factors may include something the user knows (such as a password), something the user has (such as a smart card or hardware token), or something the user is (such as a fingerprint or retina scan). MFA is used to enhance security by requiring attackers to compromise multiple factors to gain access to a system, rather than just one.
Out of the answer choices provided, the only one that includes two or more factors is A, hardware token and smart card. A hardware token is a physical device that generates a unique code, which is then entered by the user as part of the authentication process. A smart card is a credit-card-sized device that contains a microchip that can be used for authentication.
Option B, voice recognition and retina scan, includes two factors, but both factors fall under the category of "something the user is," so this would be considered a type of biometric authentication rather than MFA.
Option C, strong password and fingerprint, only includes one factor that the user knows (password) and one factor that the user is (fingerprint), so this would not be considered MFA.
Option D, PIN and security questions, also only includes one factor that the user knows (PIN) and one factor that the user might know (security questions), so this would also not be considered MFA.
Therefore, the correct answer is A, hardware token and smart card.