Delphinium Inc.'s target capital structure has a debt ratio of 60 percent. The firm can raise up to $100,000 in new debt at a before-tax cost of 8.5 percent. If more than $100,000 of debt is required, the cost will be 9 percent. Net income last year was $100,000, and it is expected to continue to grow each year at a rate of 10 percent indefinitely. The firm expects to maintain its dividend payout ratio of 40 percent on the 10,000 shares of common stock outstanding. If it must sell new common stock, it would encounter a 15 percent flotation cost on the first $400,000, and a 20 percent cost if more than $400,000 of new outside equity is required.
Delphinium's tax rate is 30 percent, and its current stock price is $88 per share. The firm has an unlimited number of projects, which will earn a 10.25 percent return. What is this year's capital budget if the firm invests to the point where the Marginal Cost of Capital (MCC) intersects the Investment Opportunity Schedule
(IOS)?
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A. B. C. D. E.C
Step 1 Find the break points for the problem. There will be three break points: one for retained earnings, one for debt, and one for the change in flotation costs of new stock.
Step 2 Calculate the component costs of capital:
We know NI = $100,000 and there are 10,000 shares, therefore E(0) = $100,000/10,000 = $10. Also, the payout ratio is 40% so D(0) is $4. D(1) = D(0)(1 + g) = $4
(1.1) = $4.40.
k(s) = D1/P0 + g = $4.40/$88 + 10% = 15%.
ke(1) = D1/P0(1 - F1) + g = $4.40/$88(1 - 0.15) + 10% = 15.88%. ke(2) = D1/P0(1 - F2) + g = $4.40/$88(1 - 0.20) + 10% = 16.25%. kd(1) = 8.5%(1 - T) = 8.5%(0.7) = 5.95%. kd(2) = 9%(1 - T) = 9%(0.7) = 6.30%.
Step 3 Calculate the marginal costs of capital:
MCC(1) = w(ce)k(s) + w(d)k(d1) = 0.4(15.00%) + 0.6(5.95%) = 9.57%.
MCC(2) = w(ce)k(e1) + w(d)k(d1) = 0.4(15.88%) + 0.6(5.95%) = 9.92%.
MCC(3) = w(ce)k(e1) + w(d)k(d2) = 0.4(15.88%) + 0.6(6.30%) = 10.13%.
MCC(4) = w(ce)k(e2) + w(d)k(d2) = 0.4(16.25%) + 0.6(6.30%) = 10.28%.
MCC Applicable Range -
1$0 through $165,000
2$165,000 - $166,667
3$166,667 - $1,165,000
4over $1,165,000
Since the IRR of all projects is given as 10.25% the point where the MCC intersects the IOS is $1,165,000, where the MCC jumps from 10.13% to 10.28%.