Which first hop redundancy protocol ensures that load balancing occurs over multiple routers using a single virtual IP address and multiple virtual MAC addresses?
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The first hop redundancy protocol that ensures load balancing occurs over multiple routers using a single virtual IP address and multiple virtual MAC addresses is GLBP, which stands for Gateway Load Balancing Protocol.
GLBP is a Cisco proprietary protocol that enables multiple routers to participate in the forwarding of packets sent to the virtual IP address of a particular subnet. GLBP operates in a way that allows one router to assume the role of the active virtual gateway, while the other routers in the group operate in a standby mode. This active router is responsible for forwarding packets sent to the virtual IP address of the subnet, while the other routers in the group remain idle.
In a typical scenario, when a host sends a packet to the virtual IP address of the subnet, the active virtual gateway router responds to the ARP request with one of several virtual MAC addresses, which are assigned to each router in the group. The virtual MAC address that is returned by the active virtual gateway is the one that corresponds to the router that is currently forwarding packets.
The key advantage of GLBP is that it enables load balancing across multiple routers in a way that ensures that the distribution of traffic is optimal. GLBP achieves this by using a weighted round-robin algorithm that distributes traffic based on the forwarding capacity of each router in the group.
In summary, GLBP is a first hop redundancy protocol that provides load balancing across multiple routers by using a single virtual IP address and multiple virtual MAC addresses.