Which IEEE standard does PVST+ use to tunnel information?
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PVST+ (Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus) is a Cisco proprietary protocol used to provide redundant paths for traffic within a VLAN. PVST+ extends the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) by creating a separate instance of STP for each VLAN.
PVST+ uses the IEEE 802.1Q standard for tunneling information. 802.1Q is a standard that defines a method for inserting a VLAN identifier into Ethernet frames. This allows multiple VLANs to share a single physical link and for switches to forward traffic based on the VLAN identifier.
PVST+ uses 802.1Q to encapsulate the STP BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data Units) that are exchanged between switches. Each PVST+ instance runs its own STP algorithm, and the encapsulated BPDUs are forwarded on a per-VLAN basis. This allows for optimized path selection within each VLAN, providing faster convergence and improved performance.
In summary, PVST+ uses the IEEE 802.1Q standard to tunnel STP BPDUs between switches in a VLAN-specific manner.