Probability of Lower Investment Return

D.

Probability that an actual return on an investment will be lower than the investor's expectations is termed as investment risk or expense risk.

All investments have some level of risk associated with it due to the unpredictability of the market's direction.

This includes consideration of the overall IT investment portfolio.

Incorrect Answers: A: The risk that data cannot be relied on because they are unauthorized, incomplete or inaccurate is termed as integrity risks.

B: The risk of IT projects failing to meet objectives due to lack of accountability and commitment is referring to as project risk ownership.

C: The risk associated with not receiving the right information to the right people (or process or systems) at the right time to allow the right action to be taken is termed as relevance risk.

The correct answer to the question is D. Expense risk.

Expense risk is a type of financial risk that refers to the probability that an actual return on an investment will be lower than the investor's expectations due to unexpected expenses or higher than anticipated costs.

Investors typically have expectations about the returns they can expect from their investments. These expectations are often based on factors such as historical returns, market conditions, and the level of risk associated with the investment. However, unexpected expenses or higher-than-anticipated costs can erode the returns on an investment, leading to a lower actual return than the investor's expectations.

Integrity risk refers to the risk of fraud, theft, or other forms of dishonesty that can compromise the integrity of information or systems. Project ownership risk refers to the risk that a project may not be completed due to issues such as lack of funding or support. Relevance risk refers to the risk that information or data may become irrelevant or outdated, leading to poor decision-making.

In summary, of the given options, only expense risk is related to the probability of lower-than-expected returns on an investment due to unexpected expenses or higher-than-anticipated costs.