Which of the following enables compliance with a nonrepudiation policy requirement for electronic transactions?
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A. B. C. D.B.
Out of the given options, digital signatures enable compliance with a non-repudiation policy requirement for electronic transactions.
Non-repudiation is a security principle that ensures that the originator of a message or transaction cannot deny sending it. Non-repudiation policies are essential in electronic transactions, where it's necessary to prove the authenticity of a message's originator or to prevent the sender from denying sending it.
Digital certificates, encrypted passwords, and one-time passwords are all cryptographic mechanisms that provide authentication and confidentiality but do not provide non-repudiation.
A digital signature, on the other hand, is a cryptographic mechanism that binds a message to a particular originator, providing non-repudiation. A digital signature is generated using the sender's private key and is verified using the sender's public key. The recipient can verify that the message came from the sender and that the message has not been altered during transmission.
Therefore, out of the given options, digital signatures are the only mechanism that enables compliance with a non-repudiation policy requirement for electronic transactions.