The P/E ratio is not determined by
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A. B. C. D.D
Using the dividend discount model, the price of a stock is equal to D / (k - g), where D is the expected dividend, k is the required rate of return, and g is the expected growth rate of dividends for the stock. Dividing both sides of the equation by expected earnings (E) yields P/E = (D/E) / (k - g), where D/E is the expected dividend payout ratio. Thus, the P/E ratio is determined by the expected dividend payout ratio, the required rate of return, and the expected growth rate of dividends for the stock. Financial leverage does not help determine P/E ratio.