Chances are 50-50 that a newborn baby will be a girl. For families with five children, what is the probability that all the children are girls?
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This is a binomial probability. The probability of getting r successes out of n trials where the probability of success each trial is p and probability of failure each trial is q (where q = 1-p) is given by: n!(p^r)[q^(n-r)]/r!(n-r)!. Here n = 5, r = 5,p = 0.5 and q = 0.5. Therefore we have 5!(0.5^5)(0.5^0)/5!0! = 0.03125.