TLS Protocols Explained: Understanding the Key Protocols of TLS

A.

TLS uses the handshake protocol to establish and negotiate the TLS connection, and it uses the record protocol for the secure transmission of data.

The correct answer is A. Handshake and record.

TLS (Transport Layer Security) is a cryptographic protocol that provides secure communication over a network. It is used to secure various types of communication, such as web browsing, email, instant messaging, and voice over IP. TLS is the successor to SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), and it provides similar functionality but with improved security.

TLS uses two main protocols: the Handshake Protocol and the Record Protocol.

1. Handshake Protocol The Handshake Protocol is used to establish a secure connection between two parties. This involves a series of steps in which the two parties agree on the parameters of the connection, such as the encryption algorithm to be used and the keys to be exchanged. The Handshake Protocol also verifies the identity of the parties involved, using digital certificates and a public key infrastructure.

The Handshake Protocol consists of four main phases:

• Establish Security Capabilities: The client and server exchange messages to agree on the encryption algorithm, key exchange mechanism, and other parameters.

• Server Authentication and Key Exchange: The server sends its digital certificate to the client to prove its identity, and the client verifies the certificate. The server also sends its public key, which is used to encrypt the session key.

• Client Authentication and Key Exchange (optional): If client authentication is required, the client sends its digital certificate to the server to prove its identity.

• Finish: The client and server exchange messages to confirm that the handshake is complete.

2. Record Protocol The Record Protocol is used to encrypt and decrypt data that is sent over the secure connection established by the Handshake Protocol. This involves breaking up the data into smaller packets and applying encryption and authentication to each packet. The encrypted packets are then sent over the network and reassembled at the receiving end.

The Record Protocol uses two types of encryption: symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption. Symmetric encryption is used to encrypt the data itself, while asymmetric encryption is used to encrypt the session key that is used for symmetric encryption.

In summary, TLS uses two protocols: the Handshake Protocol and the Record Protocol. The Handshake Protocol is used to establish a secure connection between two parties, while the Record Protocol is used to encrypt and decrypt data that is sent over the connection.