Quality Assurance and Project Assurance: Independent Roles in Project Management

C.

The correct answer is D.

Quality assurance (QA) and project assurance (PA) are two important aspects of project management. Here's a detailed explanation of each of the statements:

1. They are both independent of the project manager: This statement is correct. Both QA and PA are independent of the project manager. QA is responsible for ensuring that the project is following the appropriate quality standards and procedures, while PA is responsible for monitoring the overall progress of the project and ensuring that it is on track. These responsibilities typically fall outside of the project manager's role.

2. They are both the responsibility of the project board: This statement is incorrect. While PA is the responsibility of the project board, QA is usually the responsibility of the quality department or a separate QA team. The project board is responsible for ensuring that the project delivers the expected benefits and achieves its objectives, but it does not typically have direct responsibility for QA.

3. They are both independent from the project management team: This statement is correct. QA and PA are both independent of the project management team. This ensures that there is an objective evaluation of the project's progress and quality, separate from the project team's own assessments.

4. They both assure that applicable standards are being used: This statement is correct. Both QA and PA are concerned with ensuring that the project is following the appropriate standards and procedures. QA is focused on ensuring that the project's deliverables meet the required quality standards, while PA is concerned with ensuring that the project is following the appropriate project management standards and procedures.

In summary, the correct statements are 1 and 4, so the correct answer is D.