Jurisdiction Requiring Data Storage and Processing within Borders

D.

The Russian government requires all data and processing of information about its citizens to be done solely on systems and applications that reside within the physical borders of the country.

The United States, European Union, and Japan focus their data privacy laws on requirements and methods for the protection of data, rather than where the data physically resides.

The jurisdiction that requires all storage and processing of data that pertains to its citizens to be done on hardware that is physically located within its borders is D) Russia.

Russia has implemented strict data localization laws known as the "Federal Law No. 242-FZ on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on the Issues of Personal Data Processing in Information and Telecommunications Networks" which came into effect in September 2015. This law requires any organization that collects, stores, or processes personal data of Russian citizens to ensure that the data is stored within the territory of the Russian Federation.

The law applies to any organization that processes personal data of Russian citizens, regardless of whether the organization is located within Russia or not. Organizations must also notify the Russian data protection authority, Roskomnadzor, about the location of the servers used for processing personal data.

The law has a broad scope and applies to any type of personal data, including data that is stored or processed in the cloud. Failure to comply with the law can result in fines and even blocking of the organization's website within Russia.

In summary, Russia requires all storage and processing of data that pertains to its citizens to be done on hardware that is physically located within its borders, and failure to comply with the law can result in severe consequences for organizations.