Impersonation Attacks

B.

A spoofing attack is when an attempt is made to gain access to a computer system by posing as an authorized user or system.

Spamming refers to sending out or posting junk advertising and unsolicited mail.

A smurf attack is a type of denial-of-service attack using PING and a spoofed address.

Sniffing refers to observing packets passing on a network.

Source: KRUTZ, Ronald L.

& VINES, Russel.

D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Chapter 3: Telecommunications and Network Security (page 77).

The correct answer is B. Spoofing attack.

A spoofing attack is a type of cyber attack where an attacker impersonates a user or a system to gain unauthorized access or deceive a victim into providing sensitive information. In this attack, the attacker creates a fake identity to make it appear as if they are a legitimate user or system. This can be done by manipulating data packets, IP addresses, or other communication protocols.

Smurfing attack is a type of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack where the attacker sends a large number of ICMP echo request packets to a broadcast address, making all the devices on the network reply to the victim device, overwhelming it with traffic.

Spamming attack involves sending unwanted, unsolicited messages, advertisements, or email to a large number of recipients in an attempt to flood and overwhelm their inbox.

Sniffing attack involves the interception and monitoring of network traffic to steal sensitive information such as passwords, credit card numbers, or other sensitive data.

Therefore, based on the above explanations, it is clear that the type of attack that involves impersonating a user or a system is a spoofing attack.