Which of the following BEST explains why computerized information systems frequently fail to meet the needs of users?
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A. B. C. D.C.
Inadequate user participation in defining the system's requirements.
Most projects fail to meet the needs of the users because there was inadequate input in the initial steps of the project from the user community and what their needs really are.
The other answers, while potentially valid, are incorrect because they do not represent the most common problem assosciated with information systems failing to meet the needs of users.
References: All in One pg 834 - Only users can define what their needs are and, therefore, what the system should accomplish.
Lack of adequate user involvement, especially in the systems requirements phase, will usually result in a system that doesn't fully or adequately address the needs of the user.
Source: Information Systems Audit and Control Association, Certified Information Systems Auditor 2002 review manual, chapter 6: Business Application System Development, Acquisition, Implementation and Maintenance (page 296).
Computerized information systems may fail to meet the needs of users for various reasons, but the best explanation among the given options is "C. Inadequate user participation in defining the system's requirements." Let's explore this in detail:
A. Inadequate quality assurance (QA) tools:
While quality assurance (QA) tools are crucial in identifying and preventing defects in a system, they are not the primary reason for system failure. QA tools help ensure that the system meets the requirements and specifications as defined, but if the requirements themselves are inadequate, then the system may still fail to meet user needs.
B. Constantly changing user needs:
User needs may change over time, but this is a normal part of the system development lifecycle. However, if the system is designed to be flexible and adaptable to changing needs, then it should still meet user needs. Therefore, this is not the primary reason for system failure.
C. Inadequate user participation in defining the system's requirements:
One of the main reasons why computerized information systems fail to meet the needs of users is inadequate user participation in defining the system's requirements. When users are not involved in the requirements definition process, the system may not reflect their needs and may not be aligned with their expectations. As a result, the system may not be adopted by users or may be used inappropriately.
D. Inadequate project management:
Project management is essential for the success of any system development project. However, inadequate project management alone is not the primary reason for system failure. Even with adequate project management, if the system's requirements do not reflect user needs, the system may still fail to meet user needs.
In summary, the best explanation for why computerized information systems frequently fail to meet the needs of users is inadequate user participation in defining the system's requirements. It is essential to involve users in the requirements definition process to ensure that the system meets their needs and expectations.