Intercepted Communications

B.

The attack described in the question is a Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack, which is best described as a type of cyber attack where a third party intercepts the communication between two parties and potentially modifies it without either party's knowledge.

An attacker in a MitM attack may intercept communication by compromising the network traffic between the two parties or by placing themselves between the two parties in order to eavesdrop on their communication. Once the attacker has intercepted the communication, they may modify it in any way they choose, potentially leading to disastrous consequences.

Spear phishing, URL hijacking, and transitive access are not the same as a MitM attack. Spear phishing is a type of phishing attack that targets a specific individual or organization, whereas URL hijacking involves redirecting a user from a legitimate website to a fake website. Transitive access refers to access to a resource through another resource, such as accessing a server through a compromised workstation.

Therefore, the correct answer to the question is B. Man-in-the-Middle.