Not Affected by Cross Talk or Interference

D.

Only fiber optic cables are not affected by crosstalk or interference.

For your exam you should know the information about transmission media: Copper Cable - Copper cable is very simple to install and easy to tap.

It is used mostly for short distance and supports voice and data.

Copper has been used in electric wiring since the invention of the electromagnet and the telegraph in the 1820s.The invention of the telephone in 1876 created further demand for copper wire as an electrical conductor.

Copper is the electrical conductor in many categories of electrical wiring.

Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment.

Copper and its alloys are also used to make electrical contacts.

Electrical wiring in buildings is the most important market for the copper industry.

Roughly half of all copper mined is used to manufacture electrical wire and cable conductors.

Copper Cable -

Coaxial cable - Coaxial cable, or coax (pronounced 'ko.aks), is a type of cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield.

Many coaxial cables also have an insulating outer sheath or jacket.

The term coaxial comes from the inner conductor and the outer shield sharing a geometric axis.

Coaxial cable was invented by English engineer and mathematician Oliver Heaviside, who patented the design in 1880.Coaxial cable differs from other shielded cable used for carrying lower-frequency signals, such as audio signals, in that the dimensions of the cable are controlled to give a precise, constant conductor spacing, which is needed for it to function efficiently as a radio frequency transmission line.

Coaxial cable is expensive and does not support many LAN's.

It supports data and video Coaxial Cable -

Fiber optics - An optical fiber cable is a cable containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light.

The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed.

Different types of cable are used for different applications, for example long distance telecommunication, or providing a high-speed data connection between different parts of a building.

Fiber optics used for long distance, hard to splice, not vulnerable to cross talk and difficult to tap.

It supports voice data, image and video.

Radio System - Radio systems are used for short distance, cheap and easy to tap.

Radio is the radiation (wireless transmission) of electromagnetic signals through the atmosphere or free space.

Information, such as sound, is carried by systematically changing (modulating) some property of the radiated waves, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width.

When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor.

The information in the waves can be extracted and transformed back into its original form.

Fiber Optics -

Microwave radio system - Microwave transmission refers to the technology of transmitting information or energy by the use of radio waves whose wavelengths are conveniently measured in small numbers of centimeter; these are called microwaves.

Microwaves are widely used for point-to-point communications because their small wavelength allows conveniently-sized antennas to direct them in narrow beams, which can be pointed directly at the receiving antenna.

This allows nearby microwave equipment to use the same frequencies without interfering with each other, as lower frequency radio waves do.

Another advantage is that the high frequency of microwaves gives the microwave band a very large information-carrying capacity; the microwave band has a bandwidth 30 times that of all the rest of the radio spectrum below it.

A disadvantage is that microwaves are limited to line of sight propagation; they cannot pass around hills or mountains as lower frequency radio waves can.

Microwave radio transmission is commonly used in point-to-point communication systems on the surface of the Earth, in satellite communications, and in deep space radio communications.

Other parts of the microwave radio band are used for radars, radio navigation systems, sensor systems, and radio astronomy.

Microwave radio systems are carriers for voice data signal, cheap and easy to tap.

Microwave Radio System -

Satellite Radio Link - Satellite radio is a radio service broadcast from satellites primarily to cars, with the signal broadcast nationwide, across a much wider geographical area than terrestrial radio stations.

It is available by subscription, mostly commercial free, and offers subscribers more stations and a wider variety of programming options than terrestrial radio.

Satellite radio link uses transponder to send information and easy to tap.

The following answers are incorrect: Copper Cable- Copper cable is very simple to install and easy to tap.

It is used mostly for short distance and supports voice and data.

Radio System - Radio systems are used for short distance, cheap and easy to tap.

Satellite Radio Link - Satellite radio link uses transponder to send information and easy to tap.

Among the options provided, the transmission medium that would NOT be affected by cross-talk or interference is fiber optic cables.

Cross-talk refers to the phenomenon where a signal transmitted on one communication channel creates an undesired effect on another communication channel. Cross-talk can cause signal degradation, increased error rates, and reduced communication quality.

Interference, on the other hand, refers to the disturbance caused by external sources such as electromagnetic radiation, radio waves, or physical barriers. Interference can cause signal loss, distortion, or disruption.

Copper cable is vulnerable to cross-talk and interference since it conducts electrical signals through the wires. Signals transmitted on one wire can be picked up by adjacent wires, causing cross-talk. Copper cables are also susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio-frequency interference (RFI) from nearby electrical equipment.

Radio systems are also prone to interference from various sources such as other radio signals, atmospheric conditions, and obstacles. For example, radio signals can be attenuated by buildings, hills, and other objects. As a result, radio signals can become weak or distorted, leading to communication problems.

Satellite radio links are also susceptible to interference from atmospheric conditions, solar flares, and other factors. The radio signals transmitted from the satellite can be disrupted by weather conditions, such as heavy rain or snow, leading to signal loss and disruption.

In contrast, fiber optic cables are immune to cross-talk and interference since they use light to transmit data instead of electrical signals. Light signals are not affected by electrical interference, making fiber optic cables highly reliable and secure for long-distance communication. Additionally, fiber optic cables are resistant to EMI, RFI, and other external sources of interference, making them ideal for critical applications such as military and aerospace communications.

In summary, the correct answer is D. Fiber optic cables are the only transmission medium that would not be affected by cross-talk or interference.