Examples of Dynamic IGPs

ACE

Dynamic Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) are routing protocols that allow routers within a network to share information about the topology of the network and dynamically calculate the best path for packets to reach their destination. Here are explanations for the three examples of dynamic IGPs:

A. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First): OSPF is a link-state routing protocol that uses a complex metric to calculate the best path for packets to reach their destination. OSPF routers share information about the network topology by flooding Link-State Advertisement (LSA) packets to all other routers in the network. OSPF routers build a complete map of the network and use this map to calculate the shortest path to any destination.

C. IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System): IS-IS is also a link-state routing protocol that is used primarily in large Service Provider networks. Like OSPF, IS-IS routers flood information about the network topology in Link-State Protocol Data Units (LSPs). IS-IS routers use this information to build a map of the network and calculate the shortest path to any destination.

E. RIP (Routing Information Protocol): RIP is a distance-vector routing protocol that was widely used in the early days of the Internet. RIP routers share information about the network topology by broadcasting Routing Information Protocol (RIP) packets to all other routers in the network. RIP routers calculate the best path to a destination based on the number of hops (or routers) that the packet must traverse.

B. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): BGP is a path-vector routing protocol that is used to route traffic between different autonomous systems (ASes) on the Internet. Unlike the link-state and distance-vector protocols, BGP is not concerned with the topology of the network, but rather with the policies that govern the flow of traffic between ASes. BGP routers exchange information about the best path to reach a particular network prefix based on attributes such as the length of the AS path, the preferred next-hop router, and other policy-based factors.

D. PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast): PIM is a multicast routing protocol used to route traffic to multiple destinations in a network. PIM routers use multicast group membership information to build a multicast distribution tree that connects the multicast sender to all receivers in the network. PIM supports both dense mode and sparse mode multicast routing.

In summary, the three examples of dynamic IGPs are OSPF, IS-IS, and RIP. OSPF and IS-IS are both link-state routing protocols, while RIP is a distance-vector routing protocol. BGP is a path-vector routing protocol used for routing traffic between different autonomous systems on the Internet, and PIM is a multicast routing protocol.