A momentary low voltage, from 1 cycle to a few seconds, is a:
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A. B. C. D.C.
A momentary low voltage is a sag.A synonym would be a dip.
Risks to electrical power supply: POWER FAILURE - Blackout: complete loss of electrical power Fault: momentary power outage - POWER DEGRADATION - Brownout: an intentional reduction of voltage by the power company.
Sag/dip: a short period of low voltage POWER EXCESS - Surge: Prolonged rise in voltage Spike: Momentary High Voltage - In-rush current: the initial surge of current required by a load before it reaches normal operation.Transient: line noise or disturbance is superimposed on the supply circuit and can cause fluctuations in electrical power Refence(s) used for this question: Harris, Shon (2012-10-25)
CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, 6th Edition (p.
462)
McGraw-Hill.
Kindle Edition.
The term "momentary low voltage" refers to a brief and temporary drop in electrical power supply voltage, which can occur for a variety of reasons such as power surges, lightning strikes, or sudden changes in load demand. Such voltage disturbances can be classified into different types based on their duration, amplitude, and frequency.
Out of the given options, the correct answer is C. Sag. A sag (also known as a "brownout") is a momentary drop in voltage that lasts from a cycle (16 milliseconds) up to a few seconds, typically caused by sudden changes in load demand, faults in the distribution system, or equipment malfunctions. Sags can cause disruptions and damage to electronic devices that are sensitive to voltage fluctuations, such as computers, servers, and communication equipment.
A spike (option A) refers to a sudden, brief increase in voltage that lasts for a few nanoseconds to milliseconds and can be caused by lightning, switching operations, or power system faults. Spikes can damage electronic devices by exceeding their voltage tolerance limits.
A blackout (option B) is a complete loss of electrical power supply over a large geographical area or a particular facility, which can be caused by severe weather, equipment failures, or intentional sabotage. Blackouts can cause significant disruptions and economic losses.
A fault (option D) is a more general term that refers to any abnormal condition or malfunction in an electrical system, such as short circuits, ground faults, or open circuits. Faults can cause safety hazards, equipment damage, and power outages.