Access Control Systems

D.

The answer is A. Smart card.

Smart cards are used for building entry and computer access. They are a type of plastic card with a microprocessor embedded in them, which stores and processes data. Smart cards can be used to authenticate a person's identity, grant access to secure areas, and provide secure access to computer systems and networks.

Smart cards work by requiring the user to insert the card into a card reader, which then reads the data on the card's microprocessor. The card reader then verifies the data against the user's credentials and grants access if the credentials are correct.

Personal identity verification (PIV) cards, hardware tokens, and key fobs are also used for authentication and access control, but they have different use cases and features.

PIV cards are a type of smart card that is used by federal agencies and contractors for secure access to federal facilities and computer networks. PIV cards include biometric data, digital certificates, and other security features to ensure that only authorized personnel can access sensitive information and systems.

Hardware tokens are small devices that generate a one-time password (OTP) that is used for authentication. Users typically enter the OTP into a login page or application to verify their identity. Hardware tokens are commonly used for remote access and online banking, as they provide an extra layer of security beyond just a username and password.

Key fobs are small devices that are used to unlock or start a vehicle, but they can also be used for access control. Key fobs typically include a radio frequency identification (RFID) chip that can communicate with a card reader or other access control system. However, key fobs are not as secure as smart cards or hardware tokens, as they can be easily lost or stolen.