Establishing Objectives and Processes for Delivering Results
Question
Which of the following step of PDCA establishes the objectives and processes necessary to deliver results in accordance with the expected output?
Answers
Explanations
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A. B. C. D.A.
Plan - Establish the objectives and processes necessary to deliver results in accordance with the expected output (the target or goals)
By establishing output expectations, the completeness and accuracy of the spec is also a part of the targeted improvement.
When possible start on a small scale to test possible effects.
For your exam you should know the information below: PDCA (plan"do"check"act or plan"do"check"adjust) is an iterative four-step management method used in business for the control and continuous improvement of processes and products.
It is also known as the Deming circle/cycle/wheel, Stewart cycle, control circle/cycle, or plan"do"study"act (PDSA)
Another version of this PDCA cycle is OPDCA.
The added "O" stands for observation or as some versions say "Grasp the current condition." The steps in each successive PDCA cycle are:
PLAN - Establish the objectives and processes necessary to deliver results in accordance with the expected output (the target or goals)
By establishing output expectations, the completeness and accuracy of the spec is also a part of the targeted improvement.
When possible start on a small scale to test possible effects.
DO - Implement the plan, execute the process, make the product.
Collect data for charting and analysis in the following "CHECK" and "ACT" steps.
CHECK - Study the actual results (measured and collected in "DO" above) and compare against the expected results (targets or goals from the "PLAN") to ascertain any differences.
Look for deviation in implementation from the plan and also look for the appropriateness and completeness of the plan to enable the execution, i.e., "Do"
Charting data can make this much easier to see trends over several PDCA cycles and in order to convert the collected data into information.
Information is what you need for the next step "ACT"
ACT - Request corrective actions on significant differences between actual and planned results.
Analyze the differences to determine their root causes.
Determine where to apply changes that will include improvement of the process or product.
When a pass through these four steps does not result in the need to improve, the scope to which PDCA is applied may be refined to plan and improve with more detail in the next iteration of the cycle, or attention needs to be placed in a different stage of the process.
The following answers are incorrect: DO - Implement the plan, execute the process, make the product.
Collect data for charting and analysis in the following "CHECK" and "ACT" steps.
CHECK - Study the actual results (measured and collected in "DO" above) and compare against the expected results (targets or goals from the "PLAN") to ascertain any differences ACT -Request corrective actions on significant differences between actual and planned results.
Analyze the differences to determine their root causes.
Determine where to apply changes that will include improvement of the process or product Reference: CISA review manual 2014 page number 107
The PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle is a continuous improvement model that is widely used for quality management and process improvement. It consists of four phases:
A. Plan: In this phase, the objectives and processes necessary to deliver the desired output are established. This includes defining the problem, setting goals and objectives, identifying resources and constraints, and creating a plan for how to achieve the desired results. The plan should be developed based on a thorough understanding of the current process and the desired outcomes.
B. Do: In this phase, the plan is put into action. This involves implementing the plan and carrying out the activities necessary to achieve the desired results. It is important to monitor progress and ensure that the plan is being followed correctly.
C. Check: In this phase, the results are evaluated to determine whether the desired outcomes have been achieved. This involves measuring performance, comparing actual results to expected results, and identifying any gaps or deviations. The purpose of this phase is to identify opportunities for improvement and to take corrective action if necessary.
D. Act: In this phase, based on the results of the Check phase, corrective actions are taken to address any identified gaps or deviations. This may involve revising the plan, adjusting processes, or making other changes to improve performance. The purpose of this phase is to ensure that the desired outcomes are achieved and to continuously improve the process.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is A. Plan. The Plan phase establishes the objectives and processes necessary to deliver results in accordance with the expected output.
