Government Classifications of Materials and Clearances for Access

D.

The correct answer is D. Need to Know.

The Need to Know principle is a security measure that ensures access to sensitive information is granted only to those individuals who require it to perform their job functions. This principle is typically associated with government classifications of materials and the clearances of individuals to access those materials.

Government agencies typically have various levels of security clearance, and access to classified materials is restricted to individuals who hold the appropriate level of clearance. The clearance process involves a thorough background investigation, including a review of the individual's personal history, employment history, and criminal record. Once an individual is granted clearance, they are only granted access to information that is necessary for them to perform their job functions.

The Need to Know principle is also implemented through access controls, such as password protection, biometric authentication, and other technical controls. These controls ensure that sensitive information is only accessible to authorized individuals who have been granted clearance and have a legitimate need to access the information.

Separation of Duties, Due Care, and Acceptable Use are other administrative policy controls that are important for information security, but they are not directly related to government classifications of materials and clearance levels. Separation of Duties is a control that ensures that no single individual has complete control over a critical process, while Due Care refers to the responsibility of organizations to take reasonable steps to protect sensitive information. Acceptable Use policies outline the acceptable use of an organization's information systems and the consequences for violations.